Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease associated with abnormally high levels of glucose in the blood. Besides being a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, diabetes is one of the leading causes of blindness and  visual impairment in the working age group. A person with diabetes has 25 times the risk of blindness compared to someone without the disease.

Commonly, diabetes mellitus is due to:
1.Inadequate production of insulin (Type I or Insulin dependent diabetes T1DM) or;
2.Inadequate sensitivity of cells to the action of insulin (non-insulin dependent or Type II diabetes (T2DM);
3.Gestational diabetes.

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